How do we know if we are being tested or punished by Allah when facing calamities? This is a good question.
However, we cannot know. So I became sick. I got an illness. There is a disease. I lost my money. I lost my job. I lost my investment. How would I know if this is a test from Allah to elevate my status in Jannah or if it is a punishment?
that Allah is punishing me for sins that I have committed, you cannot know; nevertheless, they are interlinked, so if I'm a righteous person and Allah tests me with an illness,
This means that if I am patient and do not complain, Allah will forgive my sins and elevate my status to Jannah, however, if I am a sinful person, Allah will test me with calamities, such as illness, poverty, or loss of my job.
I become humble and patient. I do not complain and I do not object to Allah's ruling, but if, on the contrary, I acknowledge my sins, this would erase my sins and elevate my posture and position in Jannah, insha'Allah.
As a result, if a calamity befalls a kafir, one can tell from the circumstances that it is not to elevate his status in Jannah; he is a disbeliever, and this is a punishment.
If it falls upon an open sinner Muslim, he's sinful; he's openly committing sin; this is a punishment we take for granted. If it falls upon a person who is righteous, and he's praying five times a day, etc., doing everything right, and yet he's being tested with calamity, he's sinful; he's openly committing sin.
This is a test; when does it become a punishment if he starts to complain, he's impatient, and he objects to Allah's rulings and decrees, though before the calamity he was a person of prayer, fasting, charity, and righteousness?
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In this case, it becomes evident that this is not a test, but a punishment.
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